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Eastern Desert
THE EASTERN DESERT
The main area of the Eastern Desert surveyed lies mainly between the Nile and the Red Sea, bounded by the Wadi Hammamat road in the north and Edfu-Mersa Alam road in the south. This forms a rectangle 125 by 50 kilometres (6,250 sq km) 25-26 N/33 45 mins E. A sandstone range running NNW-SSE makes up the wadi system draining into the Nile.

Once you leave the convoy and turn off the road, there is always a special feeling among everyone in the travelling group. It is "proper" travelling now. The eastern desert has some very wide wadis-and some very narrow ones. You can bomb along the Wadi Zeidun at 50 mph and bounce over rocks in the Wadi Atwani at 1 mile an hour.
At some points there is a well worn track due to quarrying lorries or the army. Some wadis are wide, while others (right) are narrow.
The wind creates razorback dunes. Soft sand on the wadi floor is rare. I've only got stuck in the Eastern Desert once.
The area between the Nile and Red Sea  does get rain rain today (unlike the Western Deser)
Our drivers collect gourds-very good medicine for the joints
Signs of recent rain
The entrance to Wadi Abu Wasil and the major rock art site-26. The prevalence of cattle in the rock art at this site reinforces the idea that ancient Egyptians brought their herds to graze here in times when there was a moister climate. But there is enough vegetatio to attract the Bedu even now.
Can we see evidence of the makers' lifestyle in the rock art they created. Can we make an ethnographic reconstruction. By reference to ancient and modern pastoralists, I will try to do so.
Bir Shalul is dry now, but in dynastic times Egyptians stopped here and left an inscription-"Mayor of the town of Beseshes, the overseer of the gold mountain, Amenhotep son of Djehuty? The overseer...."
The entrance to Bir Shalul and a route through the wadis NW to SE.
DESERT FOLK
In this part of the Eastern desert live the Ababda Bedu. While we stopped to look at the map, round the corner came a donkey cart and two men, They were taking herbs they had gathered in the desert to trade in a settlement at the Nile. On the next trip we encountered mother and daughter with the goats while the men were away with the camels.

The Ma'aza Bedu live north of the Wadi Hammamat. They and the Ababda are traditional enemies. Between 10-20,000 Bedu still live in the desert today. When it rains they can build up gardens to grow vegetables, including melons, fava beans and even barley. They collect ben seeds and wormwood to trade, and argel for their tea.

In years of severe drought they may spend some time working for pay on road and construction projects. But only some time, for they try their utmost not to settle. Because of very severe droughts in the past some families or parts of families have settled in towns by the Nile. They maintain contact with their relatives. But the true Bedu dislikes being caged in by a roof. For him, the wadis are streets and a map is in his head.
Our desert camp.
Ababda shelter of a a simple wooden frame and covering-very portable

 

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