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The Project - So Far
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Passengers awaiting disembarkation by tender from the White Star Line steamship RMS Cedric, at Holyhead.
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Information collated sofar on Gertrude Dugard:
Born: 1880, Birmingham England.Youngest of 5 - children. 3 Brothers & 1 Sister.
Parents - Henry & Mary Anne Dugard.
Father's Occupation - Wood Engraver Artist.
Paternal Grandmother: Elizard Dugard of Stratford-on-Avon.
Resided at: 58 Water Works Street, Aston (source: 1881 UK Census)
Brothers & Sisters: George -born 1876, Walter - born 1877, Sidney - born 1879,
Millicent - born 1874.
Attended Boarding School in Wellington, Shropshire. (source: 1901 UK Census)
Resided at 22 Charlotte Street, Birmingham (source: 1914 Holiday Diary)
Occupation: Schoolteacher.
Last known address: Queen Mother Court, Bournville Village, Birmingham
Died: 1975 approx.
Historical Notes on the White Star liner RMS Cedric:
The four White Star Line vessels that would eventually become known as the 'Big Four' were built and launched by Harland & Wolff between 1900 & 1907, and were particularly noted for their steadiness in rough weather on the main route that all of the ships sailed on for most of their careers, Liverpool - New York. In fact, many people preferred crossing the North Atlantic on the Big Four than on bigger, better or faster vessels, such was the reputation of the Big Four at that time.
Much like the Olympic, Titanic and Britannic liners that would soon follow them, the Big Four had two engines driving two propellers, port and starboard, although the engines were quadruple-expansion, not triple-expansion like the Olympics. They had two funnels, and four masts, and were well proportioned, and aesthetically pleasing to the eye. Apart from Adriatic, each ship, once launched, would be the largest in the world, although at the time that these ships were being built, competition for bigger ships was increasing quickly, and the Big Four soon lost out to other vessels.
CELTIC II
Celtic II was the first of the four near-identical liners, which would be launched in the space of five years. She was launched at Harland & Wolff’s Belfast yard on 4th April 1901. Celtic's good luck ran out in 1928, when she ran aground not half-a-mile from the entrance to Queenstown harbour. There were no casualties, but efforts to re-float the vessel failed, and the White Star Line, faced with the prospect of repairing the badly damaged and ageing vessel decided to cut their losses, and scrap her.
CEDRIC
The next of the quartet was Cedric, who went down the slipways on 21st Aug.1902. Dimensions: 21,035 GRT, length 680.9ft x beam 75.3ft and a speed of 16 knots. There was accommodation for 365-1st, 160-2nd and 2,352-3rd class passengers. Her maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York started on 11th Feb.1903 and her last voyage on this line on 21st Oct.1914 and she was then converted to an Armed Merchant Cruiser. She resumed Liverpool - New York sailings on 18th Dec.1916 and on 29th Jan.1918 collided with, and sank the Canadian Pacific ship Montreal near the Mersey Bar in Morcambe Bay.
The year 1909 also saw the Cedric used by the London & North Western Railway, to advertise the railway company’s links with transatlantic traffic via Holyhead harbour, as in the photograph showing passengers disembarking via a tender. Following the Titanic tragedy - the Cedric brought some of the survivors back from New York in April 1912.
At the end of the war, in 1918, Cedric returned to service, and the following year underwent a refit. After repairs, she resumed Liverpool - New York voyages on 14th Dec.1918 and in 1920 was refitted to accommodate 347-1st, 250-2nd and 1,000-3rd class passengers. On 23rd Oct.1926 she was again altered to tourist cabin and 3rd class. Cedric was withdrawn from service in 1931. Her last Liverpool - New York sailing commenced 5th Sep.1931 and she was sold later the same year and scrapped at Inverkeithing in 1932.
BALTIC II
Baltic II, yard No. 352, was launched on November 21st, 1903, and made her maiden voyage between Liverpool and New York on June 29th, 1904. She was the third of the 'Big Four' liners to enter service, although she would be slightly longer, and therefore heavier too, than her sisters, due to Bruce Ismay's rather late insistence that Baltic II should be the biggest ship in the world, which she did indeed become, weighing-in at a mammoth 23,876 tons.
Her last voyage was in September 1932, and on 17th February the following year, Baltic II sailed to Osaka in Japan for scrapping.
ADRIATIC
The final vessel in this illustrious quartet was Adriatic, which was launched in 1906. She made her maiden voyage on May 8th, 1907, on the Liverpool - New York run as had been the case with her three sister vessels, however, her return journey was to Southampton, not Liverpool. White Star Line had begun to prepare for the forthcoming super-liners of the Olympic class, although they still used Liverpool as a major port of departure. The Olympics arrival on the route in 1911 relegated Adriatic to the Liverpool - New York run until after the end of the war, when she returned to the Southampton - New York route. From 1926, Adriatic was utilised in more of a cruising role, something she continued to perform until the 1934 merger of White Star and Cunard lines.
The swift and truly ruthless manner in which the newly formed Cunard White Star Line disposed of many ex-White Star vessels sounded the death knell for many vessels, and Adriatic was no exception. She was laid-up at the end of 1934, and in 1935, she was sold to Japanese ship-breakers for scrap, just as Baltic had done 2 years previously.
Sources: www.titanic-titanic.com and North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.761 and The ShipsList/Ted Finch - 23 October 1998]. Photograh by permission of Nat. Rly. Museum, York.
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